Biology of Business

Ecology

Keystone Species

By Alex Denne

A species that has a disproportionately large effect on its ecosystem relative to its abundance. Removing a keystone species causes dramatic changes to ecosystem structure and function.

Used in the Books

This term appears in 9 chapters:

Foundations Introduction

"...s parasitism, and why the "best" company often doesn't win. Book 8: Ecosystem Orchestration How to think about entire markets as living systems. Keystone species (companies that hold ecosystems together), trophic cascades (how changes at one level ripple through entire systems), succession, invasive species, i..."

Foundations Natural Selection

"...mbiotic relationships survive pressure? Chapter 8 expands to ecosystem scale: What happens when dozens or hundreds of organizations interact? How do keystone species (TSMC, Stripe, AWS) shape entire ecosystems? How do trophic cascades (wolves → elk → rivers) propagate through business networks? How do pioneer spec..."

Foundations Ecosystem Thinking

"Decomposition releases nitrogen. Roots absorb it. Trees grow taller. Remove the salmon, and the forest dies. This is a keystone species: an organism whose impact on the ecosystem is disproportionately large relative to its abundance. Salmon aren't the most common species in this eco..."

Adaptation and Evolution Extinction Events

"Mass extinctions reset ecosystems, favoring generalists. Ecological dominance: Dominant species (apex predators, dominant herbivores, keystone species) go extinct more often than subordinate species during mass extinctions, possibly because dominant species depend on complex food webs that collapse ..."

Scale and Complexity Network Topology

"...d networks (higher biodiversity) are typically more stable, but topology matters - random removal of species has less impact than targeted removal of keystone species (hubs). For organizations, network topology governs information flow, decision-making, innovation, and resilience."

And 4 more chapters...

Biological Context

Sea otters are keystone predators—they control sea urchins, preventing urchins from overgrazing kelp forests. Beavers are keystone ecosystem engineers—their dams create wetland habitats. Identifying keystone species is crucial for conservation because their loss triggers cascading effects.

Business Application

In business, keystone organizations have outsized influence: TSMC in semiconductors, Visa in payments, AWS in cloud. Their removal would collapse entire industries.

Related Terms

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ecologyconservationinfluence