Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL)

HUL demonstrates adaptive radiation identical to Darwin's finches. From one ancestor (Lever Brothers selling imported soap in 1888), HUL diversified into 200+ products across micro-environments: sachets for daily-wage rural consumers, Ayurvedic formulations for traditional preferences, regional brands for local tastes, and Project Shakti distribution reaching 100,000+ villages. Revenue grew from ₹10B (1995) to ₹619B (2024), market cap reaching $68B.