Penghu County
90-island archipelago: Taiwan's best wind resources, oldest Mazu temple, traditional stone weir fishing. Population declining, retirees returning. By 2026, offshore wind and year-round tourism test island sustainability model.
Taiwan's archipelago county—90 islands in the Taiwan Strait, only 19 inhabited—Penghu's isolation preserved traditional fishing communities and basalt geological formations while limiting economic diversification. The South Sea Island tourist development and water sports attracted domestic visitors; international tourism remained minimal.
Wind power potential exceeds any other Taiwan location—consistent monsoon winds made Penghu the natural site for offshore wind development. The Taiwan Power Company's Penghu wind farm and subsequent expansion represented early renewable energy investment. The county aims to become carbon-neutral demonstration zone.
Traditional stone weir fishing (shiyue), coral reef ecosystems, and historic temples (Tianhou Temple, Taiwan's oldest Mazu worship site) define cultural identity. Population declined as young residents migrated to Taiwan proper for education and employment; retirees return, creating demographic inversion.
2026 trajectory: Offshore wind expansion continues, potentially transforming energy economics. Tourism diversification beyond summer beach season (wintersurfing, cultural heritage) extends viable season. The county tests whether renewable energy and tourism can sustain island communities.