Galicia
Galicia shows export diversification: 38% of GDP from exports (highest in Spain), with Vigo producing 17% of Spanish automobiles and €1.5B in fish.
Galicia demonstrates how export orientation creates resilience through sector diversification. With goods exports at 38% of GDP—14 points above Spain's average and the highest of all regions—the economy depends on external demand but spreads risk across textiles (23.3% of exports), automotive (20.9%), and food/fish (13.3%). Vigo produces 17% of all Spanish automobiles while its port lands €1.5 billion in annual catch, making it one of Europe's largest fishing ports.
The automotive industry anchors regional manufacturing: €6.8 billion turnover (12% of Galician GDP), 19,700 direct jobs, and 32% of total exports. The PSA plant in Vigo is Spain's most important automotive facility. Over 100 suppliers create a complete value chain coordinated by the Galician Automotive Cluster (CEAGA). Shipbuilding in Vigo and Ferrol diversifies toward offshore wind, seeking new markets as traditional orders fluctuate. The European Fisheries Control Agency's Vigo headquarters underscores the region's maritime identity.
GDP growth forecasts of 2.8% for 2025 (slightly below the 2.9% national average) reflect industrial recovery, especially in vehicles, even as exports and consumption remain "somewhat sluggish." Unemployment at 8.0% (Q3 2025) sits 2.5 points below the national average—evidence that export-oriented diversification translates into labor market stability. Galicia exports 38% of Spain's textiles and over half its fish products, creating an economy where multiple global supply chains provide buffering against single-sector shocks.