United Kingdom

The United Kingdom operates as a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system. Unlike codified constitutions, the UK's governance relies on conventions, statutes, and precedent - an evolved rather than designed system. This organic development mirrors biological adaptation, with institutions emerging through historical pressures rather than deliberate architecture.

The UK's devolution of powers to Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland creates asymmetric federalism, with different regions having different degrees of autonomy. This flexibility enables local adaptation while maintaining union coherence.