Genetics

Somatic

Relating to body cells as opposed to reproductive (germline) cells. Somatic cells make up the body's tissues and organs; mutations in somatic cells are not inherited by offspring.

Used in the Books

This term appears in 5 chapters:

Foundations Growth Mechanisms

"You can't spend the same calorie twice. And biological processes are expensive. This creates trade-offs. Perhaps the starkest is between somatic effort (growing your body) and reproductive effort (making offspring). Young organisms prioritize growth."

Foundations Reproduction and Replication

"... metabolism is advantageous during famine but disadvantageous during abundance - exactly what the Dutch Hunger Winter demonstrated. Germline vs. Somatic: What Actually Gets Passed On The final critical concept: not all cells contribute to the next generation."

Resource Dynamics Energy Budgets

"... Trade-Off Every organism receives a fixed amount of energy from food. That energy must be allocated across three competing demands: 1. Survival (Somatic Maintenance) - Cellular repair, immune function, organ maintenance - Keeping the organism alive through environmental challenges - Cost: Continuous..."

Adaptation and Evolution Mutation Rates

"Bacteria show stress-responsive mutation mechanisms. So do yeast. Even mammalian immune systems exhibit this through somatic hypermutation (deliberately error-prone DNA copying in immune cells to create antibody diversity targeting novel pathogens) (Neuberger et al."

Scale and Complexity Centralized vs Distributed

"(2010). "The onset of collective behavior in social amoebae." Science, 328(5981), 1021-1025. Penfield, W., & Boldrey, E. (1937). "Somatic motor and sensory representation in the cerebral cortex of man as studied by electrical stimulation." Brain, 60(4), 389-443. Graziano, M.S."

Biological Context

All cells except eggs and sperm are somatic. Somatic mutations cause cancer and aging but don't affect descendants. The soma (body) is disposable—it exists to support the germline. This 'disposable soma' theory helps explain why organisms age.

Business Application

Somatic business elements: operational processes, individual products, specific employees. These can change or fail without affecting the organization's core 'genetic' identity that persists across generations.

Related Terms

Tags

geneticscellsinheritance