Punctuated Equilibrium
A theory that evolutionary change occurs in rapid bursts separated by long periods of stasis. Proposed by Gould and Eldredge as an alternative to gradual, continuous evolution.
Biological Context
The fossil record often shows species appearing suddenly and remaining stable for millions of years before rapid change or extinction. Punctuated equilibrium suggests most evolutionary change happens during speciation events, with established species being evolutionarily stable. This pattern may reflect developmental constraints and environmental triggers.
Business Application
Industry evolution often follows punctuated equilibrium: long stable periods disrupted by rapid transformation. Retail was stable for decades, then e-commerce caused rapid restructuring. Recognizing whether you're in stasis or punctuation helps calibrate strategy.