Behavior
Coalition Formation
The formation of alliances between individuals or groups to achieve goals unattainable alone. Coalitions require coordination, trust, and often reciprocity.
Biological Context
Male dolphins form alliances to compete for females. Chimpanzees build political coalitions for status. Coalitions are common when individual power is insufficient but combined power succeeds. Coalition members must solve free-rider problems and coordinate action.
Business Application
Business coalitions: industry associations, standards bodies, joint ventures, and lobbying groups. Effective coalition building requires understanding each member's incentives and ensuring collective action benefits all participants.