Concept · Cognitive Bias: Decision-making and judgment biases

Default effect

Origin: Johnson & Goldstein, 2003

Biological Parallel

Hermit crabs occupy whatever shell they hatch near, upgrading only when the metabolic cost of constraint exceeds the energy cost of searching and moving. Defaults persist because change requires activation energy. This is the default effect encoded in biology: organisms maintain current states unless displacement becomes cheaper than inertia. Opt-out organ donation works because humans inherit this energy-conserving bias—switching requires effort, so defaults stick.