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32 companies
Toyota
Automotive Manufacturing
Toyota didn't invent the automobile - it built the most imitated operating system in business history. The Toyota Production System emerged from a bru...
Taiwan Semiconductor (TSMC)
Semiconductor Manufacturing
TSMC didn't invent semiconductors - it invented trust at scale. When Morris Chang proposed a pure-play foundry in 1987, every major chip company rejec...
Texas Instruments
Semiconductors
Texas Instruments plays two roles in the chapter: as the company that rejected Morris Chang's foundry model in 1985 (later becoming dependent on the e...
Theranos
Healthcare Technology/Biotech
Theranos raised $700 million, reached a $9 billion valuation, and partnered with Walgreens - all without working technology. Elizabeth Holmes didn't b...
Trattoria Bella Vista
Restaurant
Chicago restaurant that exemplifies catastrophic knowledge transfer failure. Founded 1952, survived 63 years across three generations until Marco Ross...
Social Media
Twitter accidentally built the most powerful positive feedback engine in media history. What started as 'SMS of the internet' became self-reinforcing:...
Tata Consultancy Services (TCS)
IT Services
TCS is India's largest IT services company and one of Tata Group's most valuable subsidiaries. Founded in 1968 as part of Tata's expansion into the se...
Tesla
Automotive / Electric Vehicles
Tesla went all-in on battery electric vehicles in 2008 when every other automaker was hedging. That single strategic bet - choosing speed over optiona...
The New York Times
Media / Journalism
170+ year-old newspaper that demonstrates active teaching systems for transmitting editorial standards. The Times employs 1,700+ journalists who must...
T-Mobile
Telecommunications
T-Mobile exhibits predator-prey dynamics disrupting wireless carrier oligopoly through aggressive pricing. Economies of scale post-Sprint merger with...
TalkBox
Technology / Mobile Messaging
Hong Kong-based mobile messaging app that launched in late 2010 with voice note functionality. TalkBox was the fastest-growing social app in China by...
Target
Retail
American retail corporation operating discount department stores. Exemplifies the suburban fox territorial strategy in contrast to Walmart's rural app...
TaskRabbit
Technology / Gig Economy
American gig economy company acquired by IKEA in 2017 to provide furniture assembly services. The acquisition represents IKEA's phototropic response t...
Tata Group
Diversified Conglomerate
Tata Group represents 156 years of evolutionary strategy that defies conventional business logic. Founded by Jamsetji Tata in 1868, the Indian conglom...
Tata Motors
Automotive
Indian automotive company within Tata Group that acquired Jaguar Land Rover from Ford for $2.3 billion in 2008, just before the global financial crisi...
Teladoc Health
Healthcare/Telehealth
American telehealth company founded in 2002 addressing fragmented, expensive, and inconvenient U.S. healthcare access. Pioneered on-demand video/phone...
Telegram
Technology/Messaging
Cloud-based instant messaging service. Example of successful digital satellite strategy - serves as privacy-focused alternative to WhatsApp/WeChat, se...
Tencent
Technology/Gaming/Social Media
Tencent started in 1998 with OICQ, a clone of ICQ instant messaging, generating zero revenue in year one. Today it's an $80 billion revenue conglomera...
Tesco
Retail
Tesco is the UK's largest retailer and one of the world's leading grocery retailers, operating supermarkets, convenience stores, and online shopping p...
The Aaron's Company, Inc.
Retail - Lease-to-Own
The Aaron's Company is a leading omnichannel provider of lease-to-own and retail purchase solutions. The company offers furniture, electronics, applia...
The Bancorp, Inc.
Banking Technology & Services
The Bancorp is a financial holding company providing banking and technology solutions to non-bank financial services companies and middle market busin...
Thermo Fisher Scientific
Life Sciences & Laboratory Equipment
Thermo Fisher demonstrates vertical integration in life sciences tools from lab equipment to bioproduction. Economies of scale in scientific instrumen...
THG (The Hut Group)
Technology
THG is a global digital commerce and technology company. Operating beauty, nutrition, and luxury divisions, it sells branded products online worldwide...
Toshiba Corporation
Technology & Electronics
Toshiba is a diversified technology company with businesses in infrastructure, energy, electronic devices, and digital solutions. The company has face...
TotalEnergies
Energy
TotalEnergies is a global multi-energy company producing and supplying energy including oil, natural gas, renewable power, and electricity, committed...
Toyota Motor Corporation
Automotive
Toyota is the world's largest automobile manufacturer, known for pioneering lean manufacturing and the Toyota Production System. The company produces...
Toys "R" Us
Retail / Toys
Toy retailer crushed by online retail and debt, filed bankruptcy in 2018. Example of competitive displacement combined with leverage trap.
Trader Joe's
Retail/Grocery
American grocery chain founded in 1967 by Joe Coulombe in Pasadena, California. Originally a convenience store chain called Pronto Markets, Coulombe p...
Trainline
Technology
Trainline is Europe's leading independent rail and coach platform. The company sells tickets for over 270 rail and coach operators across 45 countries...
Twilio
Cloud Communications
Twilio provides cloud communications platform for developers. Platform economics create lock-in through API integrations with network effects from com...
Twitter/X
Social Media
Twitter post-Elon acquisition (2022) represents extreme restriction approaching starvation - 75% headcount reduction from ~7,500 to ~1,875 employees....
Tyco International
Conglomerate
Conglomerate that followed similar undisciplined branching pattern to GE: hundreds of acquisitions without operating discipline, accounting fraud disc...