Redundancy and Repetition
Critical messages require redundancy across multiple channels.
Natural alarm calls typically include repeated elements. Ground squirrels produce 'chuk-chuk-chuk' alarm calls rather than a single 'chuk' because repetition ensures the message is received even if some sound is masked by environmental noise (wind, rustling leaves, other animals). The information is the same, but redundancy increases reliability. Many species combine acoustic signals with other communication channels to create multi-modal signals that are more reliable than any single channel alone.
Business Application of Redundancy and Repetition
Critical messages require redundancy across multiple channels. NTT's network design embodies redundancy with multiple fiber paths and backup power. The BBC World Service uses multi-frequency redundancy so listeners can find the signal even when primary channels are jammed. Redundancy isn't overhead - it's insurance for when conditions are hostile.