Heilongjiang
1.65T+ yuan GDP; China's granary (⅓ crops from state farms); rice production exceeds Japan+USA; 11.3% high-tech manufacturing growth; rust belt revival.
Heilongjiang's GDP exceeded 1.65 trillion yuan, with 3.2% real growth in 2024. The province sits on one of the world's few fertile black earth belts—China's granary with the highest cropland per capita. State farms produce ~⅓ of crops. Rice production exceeds Japan and USA combined. Soybean subsidies exceeded 5,250 yuan/ha in 2024. Before 1970s reforms, the northeast was China's industrial center; remaining closed during opening-up created the 'rust belt' legacy. The region lost market share to eastern provinces since the 1990s amid rising debt and population outflows. However, high-tech manufacturing grew 11.3% in 2024. Tourism hit 627 million visitors and 560 billion yuan revenue (+23% and +12%). Liaoning recorded net population influx for first time in a decade (86,000). Harbin leads in advanced manufacturing, aerospace, and ice-snow economy. By 2035, Heilongjiang plans comprehensive industrial system centered on innovation and ecological sustainability.