Critical Infrastructure
7 infrastructure entities explored through the lens of biology. These are the circulatory and nervous systems of modern economies - the payment rails, energy grids, and communication networks that enable everything else to function.
DTCC
DTCC is the backbone of US financial markets, processing $2.5 quadrillion ($2,500 trillion) in securities transactions annually. It settles virtually...
Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing
Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing is a geographic arbitrage organism — a narrow isthmus connecting China's closed capital markets to the international...
London Stock Exchange
The London Stock Exchange has undergone the corporate equivalent of niche abandonment — shedding its identity as a trading venue to become, via the $2...
New York Stock Exchange
The NYSE looks like a trading venue but functions as a data monopoly — a keystone species whose real ecosystem power comes not from the service everyo...
S&P Global
S&P Global is one of three dominant credit rating agencies (with Moody's and Fitch), whose ratings determine borrowing costs for $100+ trillion in glo...
Shanghai Stock Exchange
The Shanghai Stock Exchange is the world's third-largest by market capitalization and its most centrally controlled — a closed circulatory system wher...
SWIFT
SWIFT is the world's premier financial messaging network, connecting 11,500+ banking organizations across 235+ countries, processing ~45 million messa...