Ontario

Ontario is Canada's most populous province and economic engine, generating roughly 39% of national GDP. The provincial government wields significant power over healthcare, education, and natural resources — policy domains that in many countries are federal responsibilities. Ontario's economy has transitioned from manufacturing (particularly automotive, centred on the Windsor-Detroit corridor) toward services, financial services (Toronto is North America's fourth-largest financial centre), and technology. The province's equalization dynamics are revealing: Ontario was historically a net contributor to federal equalization but briefly became a recipient during 2009-2018, demonstrating how resource-price shifts can transform provinces' fiscal positions. The Greater Toronto Area's real estate market has become a political flashpoint, with housing affordability driving voter behaviour more than any other single issue. Ontario's governance model gives the Premier significant executive authority through a Westminster system without an upper house, enabling rapid policy implementation when a majority government is elected.