Governments & Institutions
40 government entities explored through the lens of biology. Central banks as homeostatic regulators. Regulators as immune systems. International organisations as colonial organisms with consensus constraints.
International Organisations
3 entities
International Court of Justice
The ICJ is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, settling disputes between states and issuing advisory opinions. Only 73 of 193 UN membe...
International Criminal Court
The ICC is the world's only permanent international court for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and aggression. In 25 years: only 10-11 c...
WTO Appellate Body
The WTO Appellate Body was the final arbiter of international trade disputes until December 11, 2019, when US blocking of all appointments killed it....
Supranational Bodies
1 entities
Nation-States
23 entities
Brazil
Brazil operates as a federal presidential republic with 26 states and a Federal District. As Latin America's largest economy and most populous nation,...
CFTC
The CFTC regulates derivatives markets—futures, swaps, and commodity derivatives—overseeing $500+ trillion in notional value with only ~700 employees...
China
China operates as a single-party socialist republic governed by the Chinese Communist Party. The country's governance model combines centralized polit...
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
The CFPB was created by Dodd-Frank (2010) with a unique dual-insulation funding mechanism: it draws from Federal Reserve 'combined earnings' rather th...
Environmental Protection Agency
The EPA is the principal U.S. federal agency for environmental protection. With approximately 15,000 employees and a $9 billion budget (less than half...
FAA
The FAA regulates all aspects of civil aviation in the United States, from aircraft certification to air traffic control to pilot licensing. With over...
Federal Communications Commission
The FCC regulates interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable. With only 1,512 employees overseeing a...
Federal Trade Commission
The FTC embodies the paradox of American regulatory capacity: immense statutory authority that oscillates between aggressive enforcement and strategic...
Food and Drug Administration
The FDA regulates food safety, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, cosmetics, and tobacco products - about 25% of all consumer spending in the US. As th...
France
France operates as a semi-presidential republic with a unique dual executive - both a directly elected President and a Prime Minister accountable to P...
Germany
Germany operates as a federal parliamentary republic with significant powers devolved to its 16 Länder (states). The Basic Law (Grundgesetz) was delib...
India
India operates as a federal parliamentary democratic republic with 28 states and 8 union territories. As the world's largest democracy, it demonstrate...
Japan
Japan operates as a parliamentary constitutional monarchy with the Emperor as ceremonial head of state. The country's post-WWII constitution establish...
National Labor Relations Board
The NLRB enforces US labor law under the National Labor Relations Act (1935), overseeing union elections and investigating unfair labor practices. Des...
OSHA
OSHA is the federal agency responsible for workplace safety in the United States, covering 130 million workers at 8 million worksites. Established 197...
Securities and Exchange Commission
The SEC is the primary U.S. regulator of securities markets, responsible for protecting investors, maintaining fair and efficient markets, and facilit...
Singapore
Singapore operates as a unitary parliamentary republic, functioning essentially as a city-state. With no regional subdivisions of significance, govern...
UK Competition and Markets Authority
The Competition and Markets Authority is the UK's primary competition and consumer protection regulator, formed in 2013 by merging the Office of Fair...
UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
The MHRA became the UK's standalone drug regulator post-Brexit, having previously operated as part of the EU's centralized system. It gained global at...
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom operates as a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system. Unlike codified constitutions, the UK's governance relies on con...
United States
The United States operates as a federal republic where power is distributed between national and state governments. This federalist structure allows f...
US Federal Trade Commission
The Federal Trade Commission enforces antitrust and consumer protection laws in the United States, sharing jurisdiction with the Department of Justice...
US Food and Drug Administration
The FDA regulates drugs, biologics, medical devices, food safety, and cosmetics—affecting roughly 25% of the US economy. Established 1906 following Th...
Regional/State-Level
5 entities
Bavaria
Bavaria is Germany's largest state by area and second-largest by population, with a distinctive regional identity and strong economy centered on autom...
California
California is the most populous US state and would rank as the world's fifth-largest economy if independent. The state has pioneered policies later ad...
Scotland
Scotland is a country within the United Kingdom with its own devolved parliament, legal system, and significant policy autonomy. Since devolution in 1...
Texas
Texas is the second-largest US state by both area and population, with a diversified economy spanning energy, technology, aerospace, and agriculture....
Tokyo Metropolitan Government
Tokyo Metropolitan Government administers Japan's capital and most populous prefecture, with over 14 million residents and the largest metropolitan ec...
Metropolitan
1 entities
Local Governments
3 entities
New York City
New York City is the most populous city in the United States and a global center for finance, media, technology, and culture. The city's five-borough...
San Francisco
San Francisco is a consolidated city-county serving as the cultural and commercial center of the Bay Area and home to Silicon Valley's northern reache...
Shenzhen
Shenzhen transformed from a fishing village to a metropolis of 17+ million people in four decades, serving as China's first Special Economic Zone (198...
Other
4 entities