Span of Control Optimization
A heuristic framework for determining optimal number of direct reports per manager, inspired by Murray's Law's optimization of biological branching ratios.
A heuristic framework for determining optimal number of direct reports per manager, inspired by Murray's Law's optimization of biological branching ratios. Balances oversight quality against hierarchy depth.
When to Use Span of Control Optimization
Use when designing reporting structures, evaluating manager workload, planning team sizes, or restructuring to add/remove management layers.
How to Apply
Assess Work Complexity
Determine the type of work being managed and its coordination requirements.
Questions to Ask
- Is work routine/operational or complex/creative?
- How much collaboration is required?
- How frequently do decisions need manager input?
Outputs
- Work type classification
Select Target Range
Choose appropriate span based on work type: Narrow (3-5) for complex creative work requiring close oversight; Medium (6-10) for most knowledge work; Wide (10-15+) for operational work with low coordination needs.
Outputs
- Target span of control range
Identify Anti-Patterns
Check for common problems: Too narrow (<3) creates excessive hierarchy and slow decisions; Too wide (>15) causes manager overload and coordination breakdown.
Questions to Ask
- How many approval layers for typical decisions?
- Are managers providing adequate feedback?
- Are teams coordinating effectively?
Outputs
- Anti-pattern diagnosis