Ecology
Prey
An organism that is hunted and consumed by predators. Prey species have evolved numerous defensive adaptations including speed, armor, toxins, camouflage, and group behavior.
Biological Context
Prey populations typically fluctuate with predator populations in coupled dynamics. Prey animals must balance foraging (which exposes them) against vigilance (which costs feeding time). The 'landscape of fear' shapes prey behavior even when predators aren't present.
Business Application
Prey companies must balance growth activities (which attract predators) with defensive measures. Smaller companies in consolidating industries face prey dynamics—they must grow fast enough to escape predation or develop defenses (IP, customer lock-in, regulatory moats).