Ecology
Nitrification
The microbial conversion of ammonia to nitrite and then nitrate. A key step in the nitrogen cycle that makes nitrogen available to plants.
Biological Context
Nitrifying bacteria (Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter) perform this two-step oxidation. The process requires oxygen and releases energy that the bacteria use. Nitrification is important in soil fertility, wastewater treatment, and aquarium management. Excess nitrification can lead to nitrate pollution.
Business Application
Business nitrification: converting raw resources into forms that other parts of the ecosystem can use. Processing, refining, and standardizing make resources accessible to a broader range of users.