Genetics
Mutation
A change in DNA sequence that alters genetic information. Mutations can be harmful, neutral, or beneficial, and are the ultimate source of all genetic variation.
Biological Context
Mutations occur through copying errors, radiation, or chemical damage. Most mutations are neutral or harmful; rare beneficial mutations spread through natural selection. Without mutation, evolution would stop—there would be no new variation to select.
Business Application
Business mutations: changes to products, processes, or strategies that create variation. Most fail, some are neutral, few are beneficial. Innovation requires tolerating failed mutations while selecting successful ones. Mutation rate affects adaptability versus stability.