Ecology
Lichen
A composite organism formed by a symbiotic partnership between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner (usually algae or cyanobacteria). Neither partner can survive alone in the environments lichens inhabit.
Biological Context
Lichens colonize bare rock, tree bark, and other harsh surfaces. The fungus provides structure and protection; the photosynthetic partner provides food. Lichens are pioneer species, beginning soil formation on bare rock. They're sensitive to air pollution and serve as environmental indicators.
Business Application
Lichen-like business partnerships combine complementary capabilities to survive in harsh markets neither could occupy alone. The partnership creates a new entity more capable than either partner.