Hyphae

"...erm coined by Suzanne Simard): Pull up a handful of forest soil. Really look at it. See those white threads finer than spider silk? Those are fungal hyphae - living highways connecting the trees around you. Individually, each hypha is 2-10 micrometers wide."

"The fungus provides water, nitrogen, phosphorus, and other minerals that are otherwise inaccessible. The fungal hyphae are 1-2 micrometers in diameter - 100× thinner than the smallest roots - so they can penetrate soil micropores that roots can't access. But here's w..."

"...hemical signals warning of pest attacks, stress responses, seasonal timing). The network's infrastructure is mycorrhizal fungi - microscopic threads (hyphae) that colonize plant roots and extend vast distances through soil, connecting thousands of plants in shared symbiotic networks. Mycorrhizal networks..."

"...n: D ≈ 1.5-2.0 (less space-filling than vascular systems) Mycorrhizal networks extend this fractal architecture beyond individual plants: fungal hyphae form branching networks connecting roots of multiple plants (trees in forests, grasses in prairies). These networks are highly fractal (D ≈ 1.8-2.2),..."

"...Mycorrhizal associations*: Most plant species form symbiotic relationships with mycorrhizal fungi. The fungi colonize plant roots, extending fungal hyphae far into soil, dramatically increasing the surface area for nutrient absorption. Fungi provide plants with phosphorus and nitrogen from soil; plants ..."