Genetics
Horizontal Gene Transfer
The movement of genetic material between organisms other than by parent-to-offspring inheritance. Common in bacteria, it allows rapid acquisition of new traits like antibiotic resistance.
Biological Context
Unlike vertical inheritance (parent to child), horizontal transfer moves genes between unrelated organisms. Bacteria share genes via plasmids, enabling rapid adaptation. This complicates simple phylogenetic trees and explains why antibiotic resistance spreads so quickly.
Business Application
Business horizontal transfer includes acquiring companies for their capabilities, hiring talent from competitors, and licensing technology. It enables rapid capability acquisition without building from scratch.