Genome

"The same genetic code. The neurons in your brain, the muscle cells in your heart, the photoreceptors in your eyes - all have identical genomes. So why are they different? Because genes need to be expressed to do anything, and different cells express different genes."

"...nals - temperature, light, nutrients, chemicals, stress - affect which transcription factors are active. This changes which genes get expressed. Same genome, different phenotype. Phenotypic plasticity is incredibly common because it solves a fundamental problem: environments change faster than genomes."

"...erstood concept in business strategy. DNA Replication: Copying Information with Precision Before any cell divides, it must replicate its entire genome. The process is staggeringly precise: DNA polymerase enzymes copy three billion base pairs with an error rate of roughly one mistake per billion base..."

"elegans* nematode worm lives 21 days when fed normally (unlimited bacteria available, ad libitum feeding). The same worm - same genome, same environment, same petri dish - lives 42 days when fed 60% of normal calories (caloric restriction without malnutrition - nutrients balanced, ju..."

"...in modifications, small RNAs silence them), but transposons account for substantial genetic variation, especially in plants and mammals (45% of human genome is transposon-derived). 4. Recombination: Sexual reproduction shuffles existing genetic variants through meiotic recombination (crossover betwee..."