Cell Biology
Flagellum
A whip-like appendage that enables cell movement. Bacterial flagella rotate like propellers; eukaryotic flagella wave back and forth. Plural: flagella.
Biological Context
The bacterial flagellum is a molecular machine with over 40 protein components, including a rotary motor. It spins at up to 1,000 revolutions per second. Sperm cells use flagella for propulsion. Flagella also serve as sensory organelles in some cells.
Business Application
Flagella represent single-purpose propulsion systems—maximum efficiency for one function. Some organizational units should be flagella: highly specialized, efficient at one thing. Others need more versatility. Matching unit design to function is key organizational architecture.