Technology
Firmware
Permanent software programmed into a hardware device's read-only memory, providing low-level control and basic operating instructions that don't change during normal operation.
Biological Context
DNA is biological firmware—the permanent instruction set that cells read but rarely modify. Instincts are behavioral firmware: hard-coded responses that don't require learning. Firmware-level programming is more reliable but less adaptable than software-level (learned) behaviors.
Business Application
Firmware updates can enhance hardware capabilities but carry risks if they fail. Organizations have their own 'firmware'—deeply embedded processes and culture that are difficult to change. Distinguishing changeable policies from firmware-level culture helps set realistic expectations.