Genetics
Diploid
Having two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. Most animal cells are diploid; gametes (sex cells) are haploid with one set.
Biological Context
Humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs)—we're diploid. Diploidy provides backup copies of genes and enables genetic recombination. Polyploidy (more than two sets) is common in plants.
Business Application
Organizational diploidy: having redundant systems or dual reporting structures. Diploidy provides backup and enables recombination of ideas but costs more than single systems.