Biochemistry
Catabolism
The set of metabolic pathways that break down molecules into smaller units, releasing energy. The opposite of anabolism (building up). Catabolism converts complex molecules into simpler ones.
Biological Context
Catabolic processes include breaking down glucose for energy, digesting food into absorbable nutrients, and breaking down muscle protein during starvation. Catabolism releases energy stored in chemical bonds, powering cellular activities.
Business Application
Corporate catabolism: cutting costs, layoffs, divesting business units, simplifying product lines. During downturns, companies enter catabolic mode—breaking down organizational structure to release resources for survival. Prolonged catabolism depletes capabilities needed for future growth.