Biology
Aging
The gradual decline in biological function over time, leading to increased vulnerability and eventual death. Aging affects all complex organisms, though rates vary widely.
Biological Context
Aging results from accumulated damage, genetic programming, and evolutionary trade-offs. Some organisms show negligible senescence (certain tortoises, lobsters). Caloric restriction can slow aging in many species. Aging is evolution's solution to balancing individual and population needs.
Business Application
Organizational aging: declining adaptability, accumulated rigidity, loss of vital functions. Old organizations face similar challenges to old organisms—they're more experienced but less flexible. Some organizations achieve negligible senescence through continuous renewal.