Viruddha (contrary reason)

Biological Parallel

Claim: 'This organism is a plant because it's sessile.' But the reason (sessility) actually supports the opposite—many animals are sessile (corals, barnacles, sponges). The reason is contrary (viruddha)—it proves the reverse of what's claimed. Evolutionary biology: 'Complex eyes prove intelligent design' is viruddha—complexity is exactly what natural selection produces from simple origins. The fallacy: using evidence that supports the negation. Contrary reasons don't just fail; they actively undermine the claim.