Value-Based Management

Biological Parallel

Wolves allocate pack effort based on value created per joule expended: hunting elk (2,000+ calories per kill) gets priority over rabbits (200 calories) despite rabbits being easier to catch. Every decision—territory size, pack composition, hunt timing—optimizes for caloric value delivered per unit of metabolic investment. Value-based management isn't a corporate framework; it's the fundamental operating system of organisms facing energetic constraints, encoded in foraging theory for 500 million years.