SOLID Principles

Biological Parallel

Modularity enables evolvability—protein domains recombine across different proteins because each domain performs a discrete function with clean interfaces. SOLID principles enforce biological modularity: single responsibility mirrors protein domain specialization, interface segregation mirrors receptor specificity, dependency inversion mirrors signal transduction abstraction. Evolution reuses modular components across contexts; organisms lacking modularity cannot adapt to novel challenges. The immunoglobulin domain appears in over 100 different proteins precisely because it maintains clean boundaries.