Concept · Cognitive Bias: Memory biases and distortions

Serial position effect (primacy/recency)

Origin: Ebbinghaus, 1885

Biological Parallel

Foraging bees remember the first flowers encountered and most recent discoveries, while middle experiences blur—working memory has limited capacity, so encoding peaks at sequence boundaries. First items establish context, recent items reflect current state, and middle items add diminishing predictive value. This is why meeting agendas should start and end with critical decisions: memory evolved to remember edges, not middles.