MBOs (Management by Objectives)

Biological Parallel

Wolf packs coordinate hunts through shared objectives (target the weakest elk) rather than centralized commands—each wolf knows the goal and adapts tactics (flanking, pursuing, cutting off) based on prey response and pack positioning. The alpha doesn't micromanage; she sets the objective and trusts distributed intelligence. Drucker's MBO framework mirrors pack hunting: giving individuals clear goals (what to achieve) while allowing tactical autonomy (how to achieve it) leverages local knowledge and enables parallel execution impossible under command-and-control.