Masked-man fallacy (illicit substitution of identicals)

Biological Parallel

'I know this bird is a sparrow. I don't know if this bird is Passer domesticus. Therefore, sparrows are not Passer domesticus.' The fallacy substitutes identicals in different epistemic contexts. In taxonomy: an organism's ecological function (pollinator) and phylogenetic identity (bee species X) are identical but substitution fails in some contexts. The organism pollinates regardless of whether you know its species. Identity holds objectively even when knowledge differs.