Marketing Mix

Biological Parallel

Mycorrhizal fungi adjust their offering based on host plant needs: more phosphorus for nitrogen-rich soils, more nitrogen for phosphorus-rich soils, varying exchange rates by season and competition. This dynamic resource exchange (the original "marketing mix" concept) mirrors how organisms continuously recalibrate multiple variables to maintain mutualistic relationships. Business marketing mix thinking originated from recognizing that multiple coordinated elements, not single factors, determine exchange success.