Learning Organization

Biological Parallel

Senge's learning organization adapts continuously through feedback and experimentation. Immune systems are learning organizations: they encounter pathogens, generate antibody variations through somatic hypermutation, select effective responses, and maintain memory cells for decades. Each infection makes the system smarter. The difference between adaptive and non-adaptive organizations mirrors the difference between adaptive immune systems (vertebrates) and fixed immune systems (invertebrates)—one learns, the other merely reacts with predetermined responses.