ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance)

Biological Parallel

ESG metrics attempt to quantify what ecosystems measure automatically: resource stewardship (Environmental), mutualistic relationship health (Social), and internal coordination mechanisms (Governance). A wolf pack demonstrates all three—they manage prey populations to prevent overgrazing (E), maintain stable coalitions through complex social bonds and reconciliation (S), and enforce dominance hierarchies that coordinate hunting and pup-rearing (G). Packs that fail any dimension collapse: depleting prey herds, fragmenting through unresolved conflict, or suffering coordination failures that reduce hunting success from 20% to single digits.