Concept · Cognitive Bias: Memory biases and distortions

Bizarreness effect

Origin: McDaniel & Einstein, 1986

Biological Parallel

Anomaly detection systems prioritize the unexpected—a suddenly silent forest signals predator presence more than familiar sounds. Bizarre or unusual events trigger heightened encoding because statistical outliers often carry survival-critical information. This is pattern-break amplification: the memory system allocates extra resources to experiences that violate predictions, as these require model updates.