Stadler Rail
Stadler Rail survived 80+ years in rolling stock manufacturing by targeting a niche global giants Alstom, Siemens, and Bombardier underserve: customized trains for regional and commuter rail. Founded in 1942, the company specializes in low-volume, high-customization orders (50-200 train cars) rather than mega-projects (500+ cars for metros or high-speed rail). This strategy exploits industry dynamics: large manufacturers prioritize big contracts with standardized designs, leaving regional operators needing custom solutions underserved. Stadler's $3.5B+ annual revenue proves that in capital equipment industries, dominating the customization tier creates sustainable margins - you avoid bidding wars on commodity specs while serving customers who value fit over price.