Samsung Electronics

Samsung Electronics is one of the world's largest technology companies, headquartered in Suwon, South Korea. The company exemplifies sophisticated modular organization in both product design and business structure, operating across consumer electronics, semiconductors, displays, and telecommunications.

Samsung's approach to modularity is most visible in its smartphone products, using modular product architecture where core components are standardized within generations, with different combinations assembled for different market tiers. The company operates as three major divisions (Device Experience, Device Solutions, and Harman), each with significant autonomy including separate P&L responsibility and independent R&D budgets.

The company demonstrates how modularity operates at multiple levels - product architecture, organizational structure, and supply chain configuration - and how effective modular design requires navigating inherent tensions rather than achieving perfect decomposition.