Biology of Business

W

51 companies

WeWork

Real Estate / Co-working

WeWork became biology's most expensive teaching moment: a $47 billion cautionary tale about what happens when growth has no limiting factor. The co-wo...

3 mentions Defunct

Walmart

Retail

Walmart built the most efficient distribution system in retail history, then discovered efficiency has limits. From 38 stores in 1970 to 4,616 US loca...

2 mentions sp500

WeChat

Technology/Social Media/Fintech

The messaging app that ate China - and reorganized an entire economy around its platform. Launched in 2011 by Tencent as a messaging app, WeChat evol...

2 mentions

Warner-Lambert

Pharmaceuticals

Pharmaceutical company acquired by Pfizer in 2000 for $90B. Warner-Lambert had its own established hierarchy with marketing-dominant culture ('custome...

1 mention

Watson Health

Healthcare Technology

IBM Watson Health was IBM's healthcare AI division, launched in 2015 with the acquisition of health data companies Phytel, Explorys, Truven Health Ana...

1 mention Defunct

Western Union

Financial Services

Western Union generated $4.1 billion in revenue for 2024 (up 1% on reported basis), but the headline figure masks metabolic restructuring: traditional...

1 mention

Whole Foods

Organic Grocery Retail

Whole Foods serves as the case study for sexual reproduction in business - specifically, genetic recombination through M&A. When Amazon acquired Whole...

1 mention

Wipro Limited

IT Services

Under CEO Srini Pallia since April 2024, Wipro embodies regeneration after prolonged stress. The company spent five years trailing tier-1 peers, hemor...

1 mention

Wachovia

Banking

Wachovia's 2008 forced sale to Wells Fargo demonstrates how one bad acquisition can destroy a century-old institution. The 2006 purchase of Golden Wes...

Defunct, Former Fortune 500

Wachovia Corporation

Banking

Wachovia's 2008 emergency sale to Wells Fargo (after initially agreeing to Citi) came after a deposit run and regulatory pressure. The bank's acquisit...

Defunct

Waldenbooks / B. Dalton

Retail

Waldenbooks and B. Dalton, Borders Group's mall-based chains, closed before the parent company's final liquidation. The small-format bookstores couldn...

Defunct

Walgreens

Retail Pharmacy

Walgreens' partnership with Theranos reveals how visual credibility signals can override due diligence - with catastrophic consequences. In 2013, the...

Walt Disney

Entertainment & Media

Disney's combined streaming business turned profitable in Q3 2024, a quarter earlier than projected, after losing more than $11 billion since launchin...

sp500

Wang Laboratories

Technology

Wang Laboratories' 1992 bankruptcy collapsed a word processing giant that couldn't transition to personal computers. The company's proprietary word pr...

Defunct

Warby Parker

Retail/Eyewear

Warby Parker cracked the code that killed Casper: DTC retail achieves sustainable unit economics only when digital efficiency combines with physical p...

russell2000

Wärtsilä Corporation

Industrial Machinery & Marine

Wärtsilä's €6.4 billion marine and energy business demonstrates generalist strategy in power generation: medium-speed engines burning diesel, gas, or...

omx

Washington Mutual

Banking

Washington Mutual's September 2008 failure remains the largest bank collapse in U.S. history—$307 billion in assets wiped out in a bank run that saw $...

Defunct

Washio

Consumer Services

Washio raised $17M for on-demand laundry pickup, then collapsed in 2016 when it couldn't achieve profitability. The company discovered that laundry is...

Defunct

Waste Management (1997 Scandal)

Waste Management

Waste Management's 1997 accounting fraud revelation showed $1.7 billion in overstated earnings over five years—at the time the largest accounting frau...

NYSE:WM

Watches of Switzerland Group

Retail

Watches of Switzerland is the UK's largest luxury watch retailer. The company operates showrooms selling premium watch brands including Rolex, Omega,...

ftse250

Waymo

Autonomous Vehicles

Waymo served 14 million autonomous rides in 2025 and crossed 450,000 weekly paid trips by December, operating across five markets with over 1,000 vehi...

private

Webvan

E-commerce - Grocery

Webvan's 2001 collapse after burning through $1.2 billion demonstrated that being right about the future doesn't guarantee survival until the future a...

Defunct

WeChat Pay

Digital Payments / Fintech

Chinese digital payment platform integrated into the WeChat super-app, bypassing traditional card networks. Along with Alipay, WeChat Pay dominates di...

WEG

Industrial Equipment

WEG manufactures electric motors the way termites build mounds: modular components assembled into complex systems optimized for specific environments....

bovespa

Wells Fargo

Financial Services

The bank that said 'customer-first' while paying employees to commit fraud - and learned that chemical signals always trump verbal signals. Wells Far...

sp500

Wells Fargo (Accounts Scandal)

Banking

Wells Fargo's 2016 fake accounts scandal revealed employees had opened 3.5 million unauthorized accounts to meet aggressive sales targets. The cross-s...

NYSE:WFC

Wesfarmers Limited

Retail & Conglomerate

Wesfarmers' $67 billion market cap conglomerate structure demonstrates portfolio effect: diversification across Bunnings (hardware), Kmart (discount r...

asx200

Westpac Banking Corporation

Banking & Financial Services

Founded in 1817 as Bank of New South Wales—making it Australia's oldest bank and first company—Westpac exhibits path-dependence from colonial origins...

asx

Wet Seal (Final)

Teen Apparel

Wet Seal's 2017 final closure after emerging from 2015 bankruptcy demonstrates how teen retail's decline was structural, not cyclical. The teen retail...

Defunct

WeWork (Crisis)

Real Estate

WeWork's 2019 failed IPO at $47 billion valuation followed by 2023 bankruptcy demonstrates how real estate arbitrage dressed as tech can collapse spec...

Bankrupt

WhatsApp

Messaging / Social Media

WhatsApp was built by two founders who got rejected for jobs at Facebook - then sold the company to Facebook for $19 billion with just 55 employees. T...

Whiting Petroleum

Oil & Gas

Whiting Petroleum's April 2020 bankruptcy collapsed one of the Bakken shale's largest producers. The company had been among the first to develop the B...

NYSE

WHSmith

Retail

WHSmith is a retailer operating in travel locations and high streets. The company sells books, stationery, news, and convenience products. Its travel...

ftse250

Wikipedia

Non-profit/Encyclopedia

Wikipedia is a free, collaborative online encyclopedia launched in 2001 that coordinates contributions from millions of editors without central planni...

Willys-Overland

Automotive

Willys-Overland's 1953 sale to Kaiser-Frazer ended the company that built the WWII Jeep. Willys couldn't convert wartime success into peacetime automo...

Defunct

Windstream Holdings

Telecommunications

Windstream's February 2019 bankruptcy was triggered by a hedge fund's legal maneuver. The rural telecom company had completed a sale-leaseback of its...

Defunct

Winn-Dixie

Grocery Retail

Winn-Dixie's 2005 bankruptcy illustrates how regional dominance provides no protection against national predators. The Southern supermarket chain's co...

Defunct

Winn-Dixie Stores (2005)

Retail

Winn-Dixie's 2005 bankruptcy collapsed a once-dominant Southern grocery chain. The company had operated 1,000+ stores across the Southeast. Walmart's...

Defunct

Wirecard

Financial Technology

Wirecard's 2020 collapse after €1.9 billion went 'missing' was Europe's largest accounting fraud. The German payments company had been a DAX 30 member...

Defunct

Wish (Decline)

Retail

Wish's stock collapsed 98% as the discount e-commerce platform discovered that 'cheap stuff from China' wasn't a defensible business model. The compan...

Declining

Wisk (Air Taxi)

Transportation

Wisk, the Boeing-Kitty Hawk joint venture for autonomous air taxis, has spent over a decade and billions developing electric vertical takeoff aircraft...

Pre-Revenue

Wizz Air

Airlines

Wizz Air is the largest low-cost airline in Central and Eastern Europe. The company operates an ultra-low-cost model with unbundled services and high...

ftse250

Wolters Kluwer

Technology

Wolters Kluwer occupies obligate mutualist niche in professional knowledge ecosystems. The Dutch information services company generates €5.9 billion i...

eurostoxx

Woodside Energy

Energy

Woodside Energy's 2022 merger with BHP Petroleum exemplifies horizontal gene transfer at corporate scale - two organisms combining genetic material to...

asx200

Woolworths Group

Retail & Consumer

Woolworths' duopoly with Coles—together controlling 65% of Australian grocery market—demonstrates exploitative competition reaching Nash equilibrium....

asx200, asx +1

Woolworths Holdings

Retail & Consumer

Woolworths Holdings navigates the Southern Hemisphere as a retail chimera - a composite organism struggling to integrate divergent evolutionary lineag...

jse

Workday

Technology/Enterprise Software

The cloud HR company that turned a 7-year head start into a $70 billion business - then watched competitors converge on the same solution anyway. Fou...

nasdaq100

WorldCom

Telecommunications

WorldCom's $104 billion bankruptcy in 2002 revealed how acquisitive growth strategies can become pathological when the acquisition pipeline dries up....

Defunct

Worldline

Financial Services

The €4.1 billion goodwill impairment Worldline recognized in H1 2025 quantifies the gap between acquisition price and biological reality. The payment...

cac40

Worldpay

Financial Technology

Payment processing and merchant services provider (part of FIS) handling card transactions, alternative payments, and omnichannel commerce solutions f...

sp500, nasdaq100

WOW Air

Airlines

WOW Air's 2019 collapse stranded thousands of passengers when the Icelandic budget airline suddenly ceased operations. The company had grown rapidly u...

Defunct