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42 companies
Patagonia
Apparel - Outdoor
Patagonia proves that refusing to grow can be the most radical business strategy of all. Since 1973, founder Yvon Chouinard has deliberately chosen co...
Pfizer
Pharmaceuticals
Pfizer's 175-year history demonstrates five major phototropic pivots: chemicals to antibiotics (1940s), antibiotics to blockbuster prescription drugs...
Pixar
Animation & Entertainment
Pixar proves that creativity and structure aren't enemies - they're symbiotic. The most valuable animation studio in history runs on protocols that wo...
PayPal
Financial Technology / Payments
PayPal's story is about strategic focus under pressure. During the 2000 dot-com crash, the company demonstrated what biologists call 'shivering thermo...
Philips
Health Technology
Philips is a Dutch health technology company with €18 billion revenue (2024) that has pursued circular economy principles in electronics and healthcar...
Pinduoduo
E-commerce
Chinese e-commerce platform that became infamous when a 23-year-old female employee collapsed and died in December 2020 while walking home from work p...
PPG Industries
Materials / Coatings
Glass and coatings company that serves as a cautionary example of knowledge preservation failure. PPG researched chemically strengthened glass in the...
Procter & Gamble
Consumer Goods
The consumer goods giant that learned sustainable growth requires knowing what to kill. Procter & Gamble ($84B revenue, 2024) operates one of the wor...
Palantir Technologies
Enterprise Software / Data Analytics
Palantir evolved from obligate symbiont to facultative mutualist. Founded in 2003 to serve intelligence agencies, the company could not survive withou...
Palo Alto Networks
Cybersecurity
Palo Alto Networks provides cybersecurity solutions including next-generation firewalls. First-mover advantage in NGFW and platform economics as custo...
Pan Am
Airlines
Once the world's largest airline, liquidated in 1991 after 64 years due to airline deregulation and fuel crisis. Example of market collapse causing ex...
Panasonic Corporation
Electronics & Technology
Panasonic is a major electronics manufacturer with a diverse portfolio spanning consumer electronics, home appliances, automotive systems, and industr...
Panera Bread
Fast-casual Restaurant
Fast-casual competitor that increased food safety investments following Chipotle's 2015-2016 outbreaks, demonstrating the industry-wide deterrent effe...
Patek Philippe
Luxury Watches
Swiss luxury watchmaker exemplifying good genes signaling combined with intersexual choice. Their 'Generations' campaign (1996) perfectly courts wealt...
Patrick Industries
Building Products
Major manufacturer and distributor of building products and materials for the RV, marine, and manufactured housing industries. Provides components inc...
PaySign
Payment Processing
Prepaid card and payment processing platform provider serving diverse markets including healthcare, pharmaceutical, and corporate. Enables electronic...
Paytm
Financial Services/Fintech
Indian fintech company founded in 2010 as a mobile payments platform. Expanded to banking, wealth management, and insurance, serving 450 million users...
Peloton
Fitness - Connected Equipment
Peloton revolutionized home fitness with connected exercise equipment featuring streaming classes.
PepsiCo
Beverages
American multinational food, snack, and beverage corporation. Case study demonstrating challenger satellite strategy against Coca-Cola's entrenched fo...
PepsiCo
Food & Beverages
PepsiCo demonstrates resource partitioning across beverages and snack foods with economies of scale in manufacturing. Mutualistic networks enable cros...
Perella Weinberg Partners
Investment Banking
Independent advisory firm providing strategic and financial advice to clients on mergers, acquisitions, and restructurings. Offers asset management se...
Perplexity AI
Artificial Intelligence
Perplexity AI provides AI-powered search with citations. Platform economics challenging traditional search with predator-prey dynamics.
Persimmon
Construction
Persimmon is one of the UK's largest housebuilders. The company focuses on building affordable homes for first-time buyers and families. Operating nat...
Petrobras
Oil & Gas
Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. (Petrobras) is Brazil's state-controlled oil and gas giant, operating across the entire value chain with a strong focus on de...
PetroChina
Oil & Gas
China's largest oil and gas producer, operating within geological power law constraints where fewer than 40 supergiant oil fields originally contained...
Pets at Home Group
Retail
Pets at Home is the UK's largest pet care business. The company operates retail stores selling pet food and accessories, along with veterinary practic...
Pets.com
E-commerce / Pet Supplies
Dot-com era pet supplies company cited as extreme cautionary example of 120% Allocation. Spent $11.8M on Super Bowl ad with only $619K revenue per qua...
Ping An Good Doctor
Healthcare/Telehealth
Chinese telehealth platform founded in 2014, addressing severe doctor shortages and hospital overcrowding in China. Pioneered AI-assisted online consu...
Ping An Insurance
Insurance
Ping An is China's largest insurance company and a leading financial services conglomerate, pioneering the integration of technology into financial se...
Pipedrive
Technology/Enterprise Software
CRM software company cited in the chapter as an example of successful differentiation on a multi-peaked fitness landscape. While most CRM platforms co...
Plaid
Financial Technology
Plaid provides financial infrastructure connecting applications with bank accounts. Platform economics with network effects in fintech ecosystem.
Planet Fitness
Fitness - Gym Franchises
Planet Fitness is a fitness club franchisor with over 2,400 locations as the Judgement Free Zone.
Plug Power
Clean Energy - Hydrogen
Plug Power is a leading provider of hydrogen fuel cell systems. The company is building hydrogen production and distribution network.
Porsche
Automotive/Luxury
German luxury sports car manufacturer mentioned as performance comparison to Ferrari. Porsche 911 Turbo ($175,000) achieves comparable 0-60mph times a...
POSCO Holdings
Steel & Materials
POSCO Holdings is one of the world's leading steel manufacturers, expanding into clean energy materials including lithium, nickel, and hydrogen to sup...
Precision Castparts
Aerospace Manufacturing
Aerospace manufacturing company acquired by Berkshire Hathaway in 2016 for $37 billion, representing the later stage of Berkshire's radiation where ac...
Procter & Gamble
Consumer Goods
Consumer goods competitor to Unilever used as benchmark. Unilever underperformed P&G by 43% over 7 years during matrix management peak (1989-1996). Af...
Prosus
Technology & Media
Prosus is a global consumer internet group spun off from Naspers, operating and investing in online classifieds, food delivery, payments, and educatio...
Prudential
Insurance
Prudential is an international financial services group focused on life and health insurance and asset management, with operations primarily in Asia a...
PT Bank Central Asia Tbk (BCA)
Banking & Finance
BCA is Indonesia's largest private bank by assets and market capitalization, known for strong retail banking and extensive ATM network. The company do...
PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk
Banking & Finance
Bank Mandiri is Indonesia's largest bank by assets, formed from the merger of four state banks. The company provides comprehensive banking services an...
Puma
Consumer Goods
Puma is a global athletic brand designing and manufacturing sportswear, footwear, and accessories, blending sports heritage with contemporary design a...