Biology of Business

H

73 companies

Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL)

Consumer Goods (FMCG)

HUL demonstrates adaptive radiation identical to Darwin's finches, with one critical enhancement: the ability to rapidly create new species through pr...

6 mentions

Hermès

Luxury Goods

Hermès spent its first 100 years on a single Paris street perfecting saddles and harnesses for horses. When the automobile arrived, the company pivote...

2 mentions cac40

Haier Group

Consumer Electronics / Home Appliances

China's largest appliance manufacturer ($55.9B revenue) that killed the org chart and replaced it with 4,000 competing micro-enterprises. Under CEO Z...

1 mention

Hanseatic League

Trade Confederation (Historical)

The Hanseatic League, a 13th-century commercial confederation of German merchant guilds, demonstrates that symbiotic mesh networks aren't a modern inv...

1 mention

Hollywood Video

Video Rental

Hollywood Video is mentioned as one of Blockbuster's traditional competitors. Blockbuster's selective membrane served them well defending against trad...

1 mention

HP

Technology & Printing

HP is mentioned briefly as the company that dominated the printer market when Kodak attempted a late pivot from photography. After failing to compete...

1 mention

Huawei

Telecommunications / Consumer Electronics

CNY862.1 billion revenue in 2024—up 22.4%, approaching the 2020 pre-sanctions record—proves hormesis: sub-lethal stress that makes organisms stronger....

1 mention

H&M

Fashion Retail

H&M pioneered fast fashion through vertical integration that compressed trend-to-store cycles from months to weeks, but 2024 reveals the metabolic cos...

private

H&R Block

Tax Services

H&R Block is a tax preparation company providing assisted and do-it-yourself tax services. The company helps clients complete income tax returns throu...

russell2000

Hacienda HealthCare (Crisis)

Healthcare

Hacienda's 2019 scandal—a comatose patient gave birth after being raped by a nurse—demonstrates how healthcare facilities can harbor predators undetec...

Restructured

Hahnemann University Hospital

Healthcare

Hahnemann's September 2019 closure demonstrated predatory real estate conversion in healthcare. Private equity firm Paladin Healthcare bought Philadel...

Defunct

Halcón Resources

Oil & Gas

Halcón Resources' August 2019 bankruptcy was the company's second in three years - it had emerged from Chapter 11 in 2016 only to return in 2019. CEO...

Defunct

Halfords Group

Retail

Halfords is the UK's leading retailer of automotive and cycling products. The company operates retail stores and garages providing car servicing and r...

ftse250

Halliburton

Oil & Gas Services

Q3 2025 revenue hit $5.6 billion across Completion and Production ($3.2B) and Drilling and Evaluation ($2.4B) segments, but reported net income collap...

sp500

Hamilton Lane

Asset Management

Hamilton Lane is a private markets investment management firm providing innovative solutions to institutional and private wealth investors. The compan...

russell2000

Hanger Inc.

Healthcare Services

Hanger is a provider of orthotic and prosthetic patient care services and distributes O&P devices and components. The company operates patient care cl...

russell2000

Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology

Security & Surveillance

Hikvision is the world's largest manufacturer of video surveillance equipment, providing AI-powered security solutions and smart city infrastructure.

csi300

Hanjin Shipping

Shipping

Hanjin Shipping's 2016 bankruptcy stranded containers worldwide when the world's seventh-largest shipping line collapsed. Ships were denied port entry...

Defunct

Harman International

Automotive Technology/Audio

Harman is a Samsung subsidiary focused on connected car technologies and audio systems, representing one of Samsung's three major business divisions....

HCL Technologies Limited

Information Technology

HCL Technologies achieved what most IT services firms cannot: 5.4% revenue growth to $13.3 billion in FY24—the highest among tier-1 global providers—w...

nifty50

HDFC Bank Limited

Banking & Finance

When HDFC Bank absorbed its parent company HDFC Limited in 2023, the merged entity faced a metabolic challenge identical to a python digesting prey tw...

nifty50

HealthEquity Inc.

Healthcare Services

HealthEquity is a provider of health savings accounts and other consumer-directed benefits. The company administers HSAs, flexible spending accounts,...

russell2000

HealthSouth Corporation

Healthcare

HealthSouth's 2003 accounting fraud revelation showed $2.7 billion in inflated earnings, destroying the rehabilitation hospital company's stock price...

NYSE:EHC

HealthStream Inc.

Healthcare Technology

HealthStream is a provider of workforce and provider solutions for healthcare organizations. The company develops learning, clinical development, cred...

russell2000

Heineken N.V.

Brewing

Heineken maintains predator-prey balance across 181 breweries in 70 countries, generating €36 billion in revenue through strategic portfolio diversifi...

private

HelloFresh

Food Delivery

Provisioning systems face fundamental trade-offs: convenience costs efficiency, while customization fights scale. HelloFresh commands ~50% of the glob...

dax40

Henkel

Chemicals/Adhesives

German multinational producing adhesives, laundry detergents, and beauty care products with €21.6 billion revenue (2024). Henkel exemplifies B2B mutua...

dax40

Herbalife Nutrition

Nutritional Products

Herbalife Nutrition is a global multi-level marketing company that develops and sells dietary supplements, weight management, sports nutrition, and pe...

russell2000

Herc Holdings (Herc Rentals)

Equipment Rental

Herc Holdings is an equipment rental company providing solutions to customers through approximately 400 locations. The company rents aerial, earthmovi...

russell2000

Herman Miller

Office Furniture

American furniture company whose Aeron chair (1994-present) exemplifies successful good genes signaling. The distinctive mesh design at $1,200 honestl...

Hero MotoCorp

Automobiles

As the world's largest two-wheeler manufacturer by volume, Hero MotoCorp demonstrates the selfish herd strategy: survival through sheer numerical domi...

nifty50, bse sensex

Hershey

Confectionery

Hershey's 2024-2025 crisis exposes the fragility of vertical integration when input prices spike beyond control. The company generated $11.2 billion i...

sp500

Hertz (2020)

Car Rental

Hertz's May 2020 bankruptcy demonstrated how travel-dependent businesses can be destroyed instantly by demand collapse. The company—which had survived...

NASDAQ:HTZ

Hertz (Bankruptcy)

Car Rental

Hertz's 2020 bankruptcy demonstrates how travel-dependent businesses faced existential crisis during COVID. The rental car giant's fleet became deprec...

Bankrupt

Hexion Holdings

Chemicals

Hexion's April 2019 bankruptcy collapsed a specialty chemicals company assembled through private equity acquisitions. Apollo Global Management had com...

Defunct

hhgregg

Retail

hhgregg's 2017 liquidation closed 220 appliance and electronics stores after Amazon and Best Buy squeezed the regional chain. The company had expanded...

Defunct

HHGregg

Electronics/Appliance Retail

HHGregg's 2017 liquidation ended a regional electronics and appliance retailer that had operated for 60 years across the Midwest and Southeast. The co...

Defunct

HIH Insurance

Insurance

HIH's 2001 collapse—Australia's largest corporate failure—demonstrates how insurance can mask insolvency through reserve manipulation. The company wro...

Defunct, Former ASX 100

Hillhouse Capital

Venture Capital

Hillhouse exemplifies concentration over diversification. Zhang Lei's philosophy—'Amidst Weak Waters Take Only One Scoop'—means 2-4 investments per ye...

Private

Hitachi Chemical

Chemicals

Hitachi Chemical ceased to exist as an independent entity on October 1, 2020, when it became Showa Denko Materials following Showa Denko's $8.8 billio...

Hitachi, Ltd.

Technology & Infrastructure

Hitachi's "True One Hitachi" transformation consolidates 573 subsidiaries and 270,000 employees across IT, operational technology, and physical produc...

nikkei225

Holcim

Building Materials & Cement

Holcim transformed from commodity cement producer to circular construction leader through industrial autophagy—systematically eliminating waste while...

smi

Home BancShares

Regional Banking

Home BancShares is a bank holding company operating Centennial Bank, which provides a range of commercial and retail banking services. The company ser...

russell2000

Home Depot

Home Improvement Retail

Home Depot's fourth-quarter fiscal 2024 broke an eight-quarter streak of declining comparable sales, posting 0.8% growth (1.3% in the U.S.) as consume...

sp500

Homejoy

Gig Economy

Homejoy's 2015 shutdown demonstrates how gig economy companies face classification liability that destroys them. The house cleaning marketplace faced...

Defunct

HomeStreet Inc.

Regional Banking

HomeStreet is a diversified financial services company headquartered in Seattle serving the Pacific Northwest, California, and Hawaii. The company pro...

russell2000

Honda

Automotive Manufacturing

Most automotive manufacturers placed single bets on electrification's timeline - Tesla went all-electric, Toyota doubled on hybrids, GM committed to 2...

Tokyo Stock Exchange, NYSE

Honda Motor Co., Ltd.

Automotive

Honda reported 21.69 trillion yen revenue for fiscal year ending March 2025 (+6.17% growth) while cutting operating profit forecast 21% to 550 billion...

nikkei225

Honeywell International

Industrial Conglomerate

Honeywell operates across aerospace, building technologies, and industrial automation with vertical integration. Resource partitioning serves distinct...

sp500

Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing

Financial Services

HKEX operates the stock exchange and derivatives markets in Hong Kong, serving as a critical gateway for international investors accessing Chinese mar...

hangseng

HongShan

Venture Capital

HongShan (formerly Sequoia Capital China) operates as the keystone species of Chinese venture capital. With $56 billion AUM and backing of ByteDance,...

Private

Hopin (Decline)

Technology

Hopin reached a $7.75 billion valuation during COVID as the leading virtual events platform, then collapsed 90%+ as in-person events returned. The com...

Declining

Horizon Bancorp

Regional Banking

Horizon Bancorp is a bank holding company operating Horizon Bank, which provides commercial and retail banking services in northern and central Indian...

russell2000

Horn & Hardart Automats

Restaurant

Horn & Hardart's 1991 closure ended the automat concept after 89 years, demonstrating how labor cost advantages disappear when technology commoditizes...

Defunct

Hostess Brands

Food Manufacturing

Hostess' 2012 bankruptcy and temporary death of Twinkies demonstrates how legacy labor costs can kill even beloved brands. Eight bankruptcies over 80...

Defunct

Hostess Brands (2012)

Food Manufacturing

Hostess Brands' 2012 liquidation ended the company that made Twinkies, Wonder Bread, and Ho Hos—brands that had been American icons for decades. The c...

Defunct

Hostess Brands (Revived)

Food

The revived Hostess Brands succeeded by eliminating what killed the original: unionized labor, pension obligations, and nationwide distribution. The n...

NYSE

Houlihan Lokey

Investment Banking

Houlihan Lokey is a global investment bank providing merger and acquisition, capital markets, financial restructuring, and valuation advisory services...

russell2000

House of Fraser

Department Store

House of Fraser's 2018 collapse and fire-sale to Sports Direct demonstrates how luxury retail brands can be gutted by value-focused buyers. Mike Ashle...

Defunct

Howard Johnson's

Restaurant/Hospitality

Howard Johnson's century-long decline from America's largest restaurant chain to a single location illustrates format obsolescence at geological times...

Defunct

HSBC

Banking

HSBC's 2024 restructuring into Eastern and Western divisions—effective January 2025—represents controlled speciation: splitting a global organism into...

ftse100, hangseng

HSBC (2012 Money Laundering)

Banking

HSBC's 2012 money laundering settlement revealed the bank had processed $881 million for drug cartels and violated sanctions. The bank paid $1.9 billi...

LSE:HSBA

HTC (Decline)

Consumer Electronics

HTC's decline from Android pioneer to irrelevance demonstrates how first-mover advantage means nothing in hardware. The company that made the first An...

Declining

HTC Corporation

Technology

HTC's decline from $33 billion peak to near-extinction demonstrated how quickly smartphone advantages evaporate. The company made the first Android ph...

TWSE

Huarong Asset Management

Financial Services

Huarong, China's largest 'bad bank,' nearly collapsed in 2021 after its chairman was executed for corruption. The state-owned company had strayed from...

Bailed Out

HubSpot

Enterprise Software

SaaS company demonstrating deliberate succession management through sustained intermediate stage (2006-present). After pioneer phase (2006-2010), the...

Hudson Motor Car Company

Automotive

Hudson's 1954 merger with Nash (forming AMC) ended independence for a company that had pioneered unitized body construction. Hudson Hornets dominated...

Defunct

HuffPost (Decline)

Digital Media

HuffPost's decline from pioneering digital news to serial layoffs demonstrates how aggregation models face commoditization. The site that invented lib...

Declining

Hummer

Automotive

Hummer's 2010 discontinuation ended the civilian version of the military vehicle after GM's bankruptcy made Chinese acquisition politically impossible...

Defunct

Hummer (Brand)

Automotive

Hummer's 2010 discontinuation by GM demonstrates how fuel price spikes can instantly kill vehicle segments. The military-derived SUV that symbolized A...

Defunct

Hummingbird Ventures

Venture Capital

Hummingbird Ventures demonstrates how geographic arbitrage creates alpha. While London and Berlin VCs competed for the same deals, Hummingbird investe...

Private

Hyundai

Automotive

Hyundai sold 4.14 million vehicles globally in 2024—down 1.8% year-over-year—yet electrified vehicle sales surged 37% in Q3 2025, representing 25% of...

Korea Exchange

Hyundai Motor

Automotive

Hyundai Motor is South Korea's largest automotive manufacturer, producing vehicles from sedans to SUVs and rapidly expanding its electric vehicle line...

kospi