JD.com, Inc.

TL;DR

JD.com owns 130+ warehouses across 23 countries—vertical integration creating stigmergy and crisis resilience where competitors rely on third-party logistics.

E-commerce

JD.com is one of China's largest e-commerce companies, known for operating its own logistics network and emphasis on authentic products. The company competes directly with Alibaba and has expanded into finance, healthcare, and technology services.

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