Caldor

Caldor's 1999 bankruptcy and liquidation ended a Northeast discount chain that had expanded too fast with too much debt. The company grew from 145 to 164 stores in 1994-1998, entering new markets without the logistics infrastructure to support them. Walmart's entry into the Northeast accelerated Caldor's decline. The company filed bankruptcy twice (1995, 1999) before liquidating. Caldor demonstrated that regional discount retailers couldn't survive Walmart's national expansion.