The Grandmother Hypothesis
Post-reproductive individuals increase grandchildren's survival
The grandmother hypothesis explains the evolutionary puzzle of why humans (and some other species) invest resources in post-reproductive individuals. Hawkes demonstrated that grandmothers who can no longer have children themselves increase their grandchildren's survival through childcare, food gathering, and critically: knowledge transmission. Mathematical models showed that a grandmother's knowledge can provide as much genetic advantage as direct reproduction.
This research provides the theoretical foundation for understanding why 'post-peak-productivity' employees in organizations may create more value through teaching than direct production - the same logic that explains Hermès master craftspeople spending 30-50% of their time teaching rather than making bags.
Key Findings from Hawkes (1997)
- Post-reproductive individuals increase grandchildren's survival
- Knowledge transmission provides genetic advantage equivalent to direct reproduction
- Value comes from information, not reproduction
- Explains investment in post-reproductive individuals across species