Citation

The Grandmother Hypothesis

Kristen Hawkes

Current Anthropology / Human Evolution Research (1997)

TL;DR

Post-reproductive individuals increase grandchildren's survival

The grandmother hypothesis explains the evolutionary puzzle of why humans (and some other species) invest resources in post-reproductive individuals. Hawkes demonstrated that grandmothers who can no longer have children themselves increase their grandchildren's survival through childcare, food gathering, and critically: knowledge transmission. Mathematical models showed that a grandmother's knowledge can provide as much genetic advantage as direct reproduction.

This research provides the theoretical foundation for understanding why 'post-peak-productivity' employees in organizations may create more value through teaching than direct production - the same logic that explains Hermès master craftspeople spending 30-50% of their time teaching rather than making bags.

Key Findings from Hawkes (1997)

  • Post-reproductive individuals increase grandchildren's survival
  • Knowledge transmission provides genetic advantage equivalent to direct reproduction
  • Value comes from information, not reproduction
  • Explains investment in post-reproductive individuals across species

Related Mechanisms for The Grandmother Hypothesis

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Related Frameworks for The Grandmother Hypothesis

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