Citation
Marvel Studios: The Architecture of a Cinematic Universe
TL;DR
Marvel bankruptcy December 1996 with $900M debt
Comprehensive analysis of Marvel's bankruptcy (1996) to Disney acquisition (2009) trajectory. Documents the regeneration timeline, character licensing economics, and strategic decisions that transformed a bankrupt comic company into the highest-grossing film franchise.
Provides timeline and financial data supporting Marvel as successful regeneration case study: 13 years from bankruptcy to $4B acquisition, root system (characters, brand) survived, energy reserves (character library) funded regrowth.
Key Findings from Graser (2015)
- Marvel bankruptcy December 1996 with $900M debt
- Character rights sold for minimal amounts (Spider-Man $7M, X-Men $2.6M)
- Disney acquired Marvel for $4B in 2009
- MCU generated $30B+ box office by 2024