Citation
Volkswagen to spend up to $14.7 billion to settle allegations of cheating emissions tests
TL;DR
$10.03 billion consumer compensation
Official documentation of VW emissions scandal settlement, providing concrete data on the costs of coordination failure at scale. The $14.7 billion initial settlement (part of eventual $30B+ total costs) demonstrates how scaling-induced governance failures create catastrophic outcomes.
Key Findings from Justice (2016)
- $10.03 billion consumer compensation
- $4.7 billion environmental mitigation and ZEV investment
- Settlement covers ~475,000 diesel vehicles in U.S.